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re BABY MATH: "Some people have always thought that our number system is just something that's been created by humans and learned by us, then taught to our children....But there seems to be a proto-number systemâthe beginning of a number systemâthat is available in other animals...and apparently is present in infants as well." all true enough, since, e.g., crows can purportedly distinguish to quantities of 7 (base ten number system, presumably) before some all-purpose notion of "many" starts kicking in but, i dunno ... maybe the "1.1 second longer" babies thought they were doing subtraction problems, not addition--and frankly i don't see how researchers could communicate ideas of "plus" and "minus" and "equals" to toddlers; whatever "innate" quantity inklings we have, all PROCESS modifiers will necessarily be cultural ... or so it seems to me
FYI, Alon Levy at Abstract Nonsense http://abstractnonsense.wordpress.com/2006/08/30/porn-and-rape/ makes Amato's thesis on porn and rape look pretty weak.
Archilochus, from the original article: "The researchers used puppets to portray simple addition problems. For example, in order to illustrate the incorrect equation 1 + 1 = 1, researchers showed infants one puppet, then added a second. A board was then raised to block the infant's view of both puppets, and one was removed. When the board was lowered, only a single puppet remained." I'll leave it up to the babies to decide what's cultural and what isn't.
unless those babies are telepathic, why would they ASSUME, from the setup described, that they're being asked a problem in sums?: "dollie here, dollie there ... now only [one] dollie, where other dollie go?" WAAAAAAHHHH! actually, it looks like SUBTRACTION to me, but maybe my perspective's a little skewed ...